اثر ویژگی‌های هیئت‌مدیره بر کیفیت فرایندهای هیئت‌مدیره در شرکت‌های دولتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی، مؤسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، مؤسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jipas.2020.197175.1043

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های ساختاری هیئت‌مدیره بر کیفیت فرایندهای هیئت‌مدیرة شرکت‌های دولتی انجام‌ شده و در آن اندازه، استقلال، ساختار رهبری و تنوع هیئت‌مدیره به‌ عنوان سازوکارهای مطرح در حاکمیت شرکتی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. علاوه بر این، نفوذ دولتمردان به ‌عنوان شاخصی جدید در تهدید استقلال هیئت‌مدیره شرکت‌های دولتی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به دلیل محدودیت همکاری شرکت‌های دولتی از حیث محرمانگی اطلاعات، نمونه‌گیری تحقیق بر اساس نمونه‌گیریِ در دسترس انجام شد و از میان 265 شرکت دولتی، 127 شرکت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. برای اندازه‌گیری تعارض شناختی هیئت‌مدیره، از پرسشنامة معتبر تعارض شناختی چینگ هوآت (2004)، و برای سنجش فرایندهای «انسجام هیئت‌مدیره»، «هنجارهای تلاش» و «بکارگیری مهارت‌ها و دانش»، سه پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته با لحاظ پرسشنامه‌های تحقیقات پیشین و نظر خبرگان طراحی شد. علاوه بر این برای تحلیل داده‌ها، از مدل معادلات ساختاری (SEM) با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS) استفاده ‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که فرایندهای گروهی تصمیم‌گیری هیئت‌مدیرة شرکت‌های دولتی، با بزرگی هیئت‌مدیره تحت‌تأثیر قرار می‌گیرد؛ به عبارت دقیق‌تر، اندازة هیئت‌مدیره بر سه فرایندِ انسجام، هنجارهای تلاش و بکارگیری مهارت‌ها و دانش هیئت‌مدیره تأثیر منفی گذاشته است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد هم‌زمانی نقش مدیرعامل و رئیس هیئت‌مدیره می‌تواند فرایند بکارگیری مهارت‌ها و دانش را تقویت کند. همچنین مشاهده شد که تنوع هیئت‌مدیره با سه شاخص تنوع «سنی»، «رشتة تحصیلی اعضا» و «زمینة تخصصی حرفه‌ای» بر تمامی فرایندهای هیئت‌مدیره تأثیر قوی داشته است. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، اثر شاخص تنوع سنی با بار عاملی منفی و اثر دو شاخص تنوع رشته تحصیلی و زمینة تخصصی حرفه‌ای با بار عاملی مثبت تأیید شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Board Characteristics on Quality of Board Processes in State-Owned Companies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Shariatnia 1
  • Habibollah Taherpour Kalantary 2
  • Ali Jahangiri 2
  • Mehdi Rasouli Ghahroudi 2
1 PhD Student of Public Administration, Institute for Management and Planning Studies, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Management Department, Institute for Management and Planning Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the structural characteristics of the board on board processes in State-owned companies. In this research, the size of board, board independence, leadership structure and board diversity as mechanisms of corporate governance were studied. As well, the influence of politicians as a new factor that threatens the independence of the board of state-owned companies was examined. Due to information confidentiality restrictions, many government companies did not agree to participate in the study; therefore, the research sample was selected based on available sampling. Finally, 127 out of 265 companies were surveyed. Three researcher-made questionnaires and one standard questionnaire, Ong Chin Huat, were used to measure board processes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and smart PLS software were used for data analysis. The results indicate that board decision-making processes are affected by board size. More precisely, the size of the board has negatively affects the three processes of coherence, norms of effort and application of skills and knowledge of the board. On the other hand, the role duality of CEO has a positive impact on applying skills and knowledge process. Moreover, the board diversity with three diversity index; age, field of study, and professional background of board members has a significant positive impact on all board processes. According to results, the effect of age diversity index with negative factor loading, and the effect of diversity of field of study and professional field with positive factor loading were confirmed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corporate Governance
  • Structural Characteristics
  • Board Processes
  • State-owned Company
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