مطالعات مدیریت دولتی ایران

مطالعات مدیریت دولتی ایران

تحلیل شبکه مضامین رفتارهای انحرافی: ارائه یک نوع‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری مدیریت رفتاری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران‌.
2 دکتری مدیریت دولتی، گروه مدیریت، موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تهران، ایران .
10.22034/jipas.2024.407200.1675
چکیده
هدف: موج قابل توجهی از پژوهش‌گران و نظریه‌پردازان به رفتارهای انحرافی توجه نشان داده‌اند و نوع‌شناسی‌های مختلفی هم در این زمینه ارائه گردیده است که  کاستی‌ها و نواقصی دارند. بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش ارائه نوع‌شناسی جامعی از رفتارهای انحرافی مبتنی بر تحلیل شبکه مضامین بود. 
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش از نظر هدف از نوع مطالعات توسعه‌ای به شمار می‌رود که با استراتژی اکتشافی و به روش ترکیبی انجام پذیرفت. این تحقیق در دو مرحله کیفی و کمی اجرا شده است. در مرحله کیفی، به منظور تحلیل داده‌های گردآوری شده از طریق مرور سیستماتیک، از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد که این داده‌ها به صورت دستی و سپس با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA کدگذاری شدند. در مرحله کمی، مضامین پایه استخراج شده در قالب پرسشنامه در اختیار خبرگان قرار گرفت تا نظر خود را درباره میزان مرتبط بودن مولفه‌ها با رفتار انحرافی اعلام نمایند. برای تحلیل داده‌های کمی از نرم افزار SPSS 23 استفاده گردید. 
یافته‌های پژوهش: تحلیل داده‌های کیفی منجر به شناسایی 300 کد اولیه، 24 مضمون پایه، 6 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و 2 مضمون فراگیر بود که در قالب شبکه مضامین ارائه شد. تحلیل شبکه مضامین به شکل پرسشنامه سنخیت‌سنجی (در بخش کمی) در اختیار 21 نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی مدیریت رفتاری قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل کمی موید مضامین احصاء شده بود. نوع‌شناسی رفتارهای انحرافی سازمانی نیز بر همین اساس و با تکیه بر روش بیلی صورت گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری: بزرگترین و اصلی‌ترین سرمایه هر سازمان، سرمایه انسانی آن است که سایر سرمایه‌گذاری‌های سازمان را تحت‌الشعاع قرار می‌دهد. یکی از معضلات سازمان‌های امروزی، وجود رفتارهای انحرافی است. این رفتارها هم بر عملکرد سازمان‌ها و هم بر روحیه همکاری کارکنان و روابط بین‌شخصی آنان تاثیر می‌گذارد. بروز چنین رفتارهایی می‌تواند مانع کارکرد درست سازمان شده و به کاهش درآمد و یا خدشه‌دار شدن اعتبار آن منجر شده و تبعاتی را نیز برای جامعه در پی داشته باشد‌. اخراج کارکنان و از دست دادن مشتریان و در نهایت ورشکستگی بنگاه‌ها، از جمله پیامدهای منفی اینگونه رفتارها تلقی می‌شود‌. بنابراین، کنترل این پدیده مسئله‌ساز بسیار مهم است‌. نتایج این پژوهش برای اولین بار، نشان داد که رفتار انحرافی را باید در تمام حالات ممکن شناخته به صورت همزمان دید و مورد تحلیل قرار داد‌. بر این اساس، پژوهش به ارائه نوع‌شناسی رفتار انحرافی مخرب در چهار بعد فردی در مقابل بین فردی و سازمانی در برابر بین سازمانی و نیز ارائه نوع‌شناسی رفتار انحرافی سازنده در دو بعد مطلوب و نامطلوب پرداخت که در نوع خود، می‌تواند مبنایی جدید و بکر جهت توسعه ادبیات پژوهش قرار گیرد‌. نوع‌شناسی انجام شده نشان داد که رفتار انحرافی شامل شش نوع رفتار انحرافی ضد بهره‌ور، ضد خود، ضد دیگران، ضد سازمان، سازمان‌یار اخلاقی و سازمان‌یار غیراخلاقی است‌.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Thematic Network Analysis of Deviant Behaviors: Presenting a Typology

نویسندگان English

Sara Touri 1
Hamed Abbaspour 2
1 PhD in Behavioral Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD in Public Administration, Management Department, Institute for Management and Planning studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Purpose: Significant wave of researchers and theorists have paid attention to deviant behaviors and various typologies have been presented in this field, which have shortcomings and defects. So, provide a comprehensive typology of deviant behaviors based on the analysis of the network of themes was the main goal of this research. 
Methodology: In terms of its purpose, this research is developmental research that was carried out with an exploratory strategy with a mix method. This research has been carried out in two stages, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, thematic analysis method was used to analyze collected data through systematic review, and data coding process were first manually and then with MAXQDA software. In the quantitative stage, in order to express expert's opinion about the degree of relevance of deviant behavior components, basic themes extracted in the questionnaire form. To analyze quantitative data, SPSS 23 software was used.
Findings: Qualitative data analysis led to the identification of 300 primary codes, 24 basic themes, 6 organizing themes and 2 global themes, which were presented in the form of theme network. Analysis of the theme network in the form of a demographic questionnaire (in the quantitative section) was given to 21 academic experts in behavioral management. The results of quantitative analysis confirmed the obtained themes. The typology of organizational deviant behaviors was based on Bailey method was typified.
Conclusion: The biggest and most important capital of any organization is its human capital, which overshadows other investments of the organization. One of the problems of today's organizations is the existence of deviant behaviors. These behaviors affect both the performance of organizations and the spirit of cooperation of employees and their interpersonal relationships. The occurrence of such behaviors can prevent the proper functioning of the organization and lead to a decrease in income or damage to its reputation, and also have consequences for society. Dismissal employees, losing customers, and ultimately bankruptcy of enterprises are considered among the negative consequences of such behaviors. Therefore, controlling this problematic phenomenon is very important. The results of this study showed for the first time that deviant behavior should be recognized, seen and analyzed simultaneously in all possible situations. Accordingly, the study presented a typology of destructive deviant behavior in four dimensions: individual versus interpersonal and organizational versus interorganizational, and also presented a typology of constructive deviant behavior in two desirable and undesirable dimensions, which in itself can be a new and original basis for the development of research literature. The typology showed that deviant behavior includes six types of deviant behavior: anti-productive, anti-self, anti-other, anti-organizational, unethical pro-organizational behavior and ethical pro-organizational behavior.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Thematic Network Analysis
Typology
Positive Deviant Behavior
Negative Deviant Behavior‌

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